EVENTS
- 1789 – The first U.S. Congress adjourns.
- 1789 – Congress created the United States Army, consisting of 1,000 enlisted men and officers.
- 1829 – London’s Metropolitan Police becomes the first official police department in the world.
- 1941 – Nazis killed 33,771 Jews during the Babi Yar massacre near Kiev.
- 1951 – The first live sporting event, a college football game, that is shown coast-to-coast in the United States.
- 1954 – CERN established. The European Organization for Nuclear Research, popularly known as CERN, was established by 12 European governments.
- 1972 – First Canadian satellite is launched. Canada launched its first ever satellite, Alouette 1, on this day from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States. A joint venture between NASA and Defence Research and Development Canada, the satellite was sent to study the Earth’s ionosphere.
- 1988 – NASA resumes space shuttle flights which had stopped after the Challenger disaster.
- 1991 – Coup in Haiti. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide was deposed in a military coup. Aristide had been elected in a national election held 8 months before the coup.
- 1994 – Sinking of MS Estonia. MS Estonia, a passenger and car ferry, sank in the Baltic Sea killing more than 800 passengers. It is considered to be the worst maritime peace-time disaster of the 20th century.
BIRTHDAYS
- 106 BC – Pompey the Great (Leader of Rome)
- 1511 – Michael Servetus (Spanish theologian, physician, cartographer)
- 1547 – Miguel de Cervantes (Author of Don Quixote)
- 1786 – Guadelupe Victoria (First President of Mexico)
- 1901 – Nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) was born in Rome. While teaching at the University of Chicago, he developed a method of causing nuclear fission, producing a chain reaction releasing explosive nuclear energy which led to the development of the atomic bomb.
- 1935 – Jerry Lee Lewis (Singer)
- 1936 – Silvio Berlusconi (Italian politician, 50th Prime Minister of Italy)
- 1948 – Bryant Gumbel (TV Host)
- 1951 – Michelle Bachelet (Chilean politician, 34th President of Chile)
- 1961 – Julia Gillard (Australian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Australia)
- 1962 – Roger Bart (Actor)
- 1988 – Kevin Durant (Basketball Player)
DEATHS
- 1902 – Émile Zola (French author, critic)
- 1973 – W. H. Auden (English/American poet)
- 1981 – Bill Shankly (Scottish footballer, manager)
- 1997 – Roy Lichtenstein (American painter, sculptor)
- 2009 – Pavel Popovich (Soviet astronaut)